The significance of digitalization for cement plants

In recent years, with the acceleration of domestic manufacturing upgrades, digital factories are quietly changing the traditional manufacturing methods of production, and promoting the development of the manufacturing industry to a high degree of digitalization and intelligence.

As a traditional “two high and one capital” (high energy consumption, high pollution, resource consumption) industry, the cement industry has been an eternal mission in the development of the industry to achieve more effective use of resources through technological upgrading from the moment of its birth.

Since the birth of the new dry cement (precalcined kiln) production process in the 1970s, it has become the most mature method of cement production with the highest resource utilization rate and the lowest production cost. Today, after 50 years of development, the precalciner kiln technology has been continuously improved through continuous technological improvements, and the energy efficiency has already exceeded the dust of the “predecessors” such as shaft kilns, wet kilns, and dry rotary kilns.
However, with the continuous deepening of the understanding of the production process, relying solely on the improvement of the equipment level, the improvement of the new dry cement resource utilization potential is facing a bottleneck. In this context, digital production methods have attracted the attention of the industry, and many experts and leaders of large enterprises in the industry believe that they are the “door” to open the future sustainable development of cement and the “key” to realize an epoch-making change in cement production technology.

In recent years, under the wave of digitalization, the domestic cement industry has also accelerated the pace of digital transformation. Thanks to this, the production efficiency and anti-risk ability of cement enterprises have been comprehensively improved. Public reports show that digital transformation covers all aspects of the company including production, sales, supply, transportation and daily management, creating conditions for companies to effectively respond to changes in the external environment. Especially during the epidemic, the needs of remote office, video conferencing and other mobile office scenarios were well met. Employees can work flexibly anytime and anywhere via the Internet.

On June 6, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued four 5G commercial licenses, marking my country’s official entry into the 5G commercial era. The wave of digitalization is setting off a profound change in the cement industry. The use of 5G, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies to empower cement companies and realize the digital transformation of the industry is a general trend.

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China’s influence in global plastic governance

With the development and progress of society, industry, and technology, after many years of enjoying the benefits of plastic functionality and economy, mankind has now come to the stage of emphasizing higher standards of health, safety and recycling. We have only one earth, and every country and every individual should start from now and from me.

As the largest developing country in the world, China is actively fulfilling its responsibilities as a major country and doing its utmost to achieve a balance of functionality, economy, health and safety, and cyclicality. If this is done well, China will truly achieve a leading role commensurate with its own conditions and status.

On the other hand, China’s plastic pollution control work cannot surpass its own development stage. Only efforts that are in line with national conditions and are committed to balancing functionality, economy, health and safety, and cyclicality will not float in the air too idealistically, and truly achieve results.

China’s efforts in plastic pollution control will have far-reaching impact. At present, the EU has been actively promoting international cooperation in plastics governance, hoping to play a leading role at the international level, promote the conclusion of a global plastics agreement, and promote the EU’s methods in the field of plastic recycling economy. Japan also expects to spread its technology, innovation, and environmental infrastructure on plastics treatment to the world. As the world’s largest country in the production and consumption of plastics, China will not only solve its own problems, but will also play an irreplaceable role in the global plastic governance cooperation.

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Luoyang Building Material and Architectural Design and Research Institute signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the “Ant Dream” platform and Guangdong Ant Dream Technology Co., Ltd.

On the morning of September 4, 2020, Luoyang Building Materials Architectural Design and Research Institute and the “Ant Dream” platform and the strategic cooperation signing and licensing ceremony of Guangdong Ant Dream Technology Co., Ltd. were held in Luoyang, Henan. Niu Huamin, Deputy Dean of Luoyang Building Materials Architectural Design and Research Institute, Lin Xunhuang, Chairman of Guangdong Ant Dream Technology Co., Ltd., Director Liu Jianyong, and Deputy General Manager Zhang Chunhui attended the signing ceremony. Vice President Niu Huamin and Chairman Lin Xunhuang signed a strategic cooperation agreement on behalf of both parties.

Guangdong Ant Dream Technology Co., Ltd. was established in April 2019. The Ant Dream platform takes “altruism” as its entry point, embraces sharing and symbiosis as its business philosophy, and takes “change”, “cooperation”, “creation” and “promotion” as four steps The path, through projectization, dataization, and standardization, promotes the transformation of the four mechanisms of human relations, transaction methods, value distribution, education and training, and realizes the four goals of resource convergence, interconnection of all people, sunny operation, and technology realization. Upstream and downstream enterprises and individuals provide “energy-saving scenarios” construction services.

Join hands to build, dreams come true; ants are small, dreams come true. Luoyang Building Materials Architectural Design and Research Institute and the founder of the “Ant Dream” platform have reached a consensus on strategic cooperation after many exchanges. At the signing ceremony, Niu Huamin, deputy dean of Luoyang Building Materials Architectural Design and Research Institute, accepted the “Ant Dream Partner” plaque awarded by Lin Xunhuang, chairman of Guangdong Ant Dream Technology Co., Ltd. on behalf of the institute. This signing not only marks the establishment of a long-term and stable strategic cooperative relationship between the two parties, but also provides assistance for the rapid and sustainable development of Luoyang Building Materials Architectural Design and Research Institute in the future. The two parties will carry out in-depth cooperation in the fields of ultra-low emission of cement production lines, optimization of building materials production technology, and development of new building materials products to provide a full range of services for cement companies to achieve the goal of “zero investment, zero risk, and high added value”. The two parties will also develop together, work together to create cement digitalization and intelligence, and provide the most cutting-edge technical support and technical services for domestic and foreign cement companies. At the same time, the two parties will also conduct in-depth research and cooperation in energy and environmental protection fields such as household waste, biomass, sludge, and oil sludge.

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Suggestions for the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention

1. Based on multiple environmental elements of water, gas, soil, and solid waste, a total element system promotes the prevention and control of solid waste pollution

Emphasize “Take waste to treat waste and turn waste into treasure”, from the perspective of “three wastes” coordinated governance, a full-element system promotes the prevention and control of solid waste pollution, and solves the long-term problem of “recycling and uneconomical” that has long been excessively high corporate costs and market-oriented operations. Dilemma. Relevant scientific research units and solid waste generation, comprehensive utilization, and disposal units have carried out joint research on comprehensive pollution diagnosis, process optimization, and multi-factor coordinated management, and coordinated solutions to the recycling of wastewater, exhaust gas, waste heat, steam, and sludge during the disposal process , To realize all-element intelligent environmental management from planning and design, construction, production and operation to intelligent monitoring, intelligent management, and intelligent emergency response.

2. Based on the key points, difficulties, and pain points, establish a market-oriented multi-subject and multi-cooperative co-governance system

First of all, focus on key industries, carry out basic research on the comprehensive utilization of red mud, tailings, medical waste and other key products and transform technological achievements, highlighting precision pollution control, scientific pollution control, and pollution control according to law.
Second, strengthen demand orientation, strengthen guidance and assistance to local governments, and effectively solve the plight of local governments and enterprises that they are afraid of central environmental inspections but “have ideas but can’t help them.”

Finally, highlight co-governance and sharing. First, strengthen resource coupling, raw material complementation, and ecological links between related industries, and realize the transition from “single governance” to “comprehensive utilization”; second, strengthen regional coordination and abandon regional “administrative management”. Establish the concept of “regional co-governance”, and coordinate to solve the pain points of “no land available” in big cities and “not enough food” in the disposal facilities of surrounding cities; third, learn from the experience of the Yangtze River water ecological protection compensation pilot program, highlighting operability and appraisal, Based on the results of the grading assessment, establish a market-oriented horizontal compensation mechanism for waste transfer and disposal across regions according to local conditions; fourth, benefit the public to increase public participation, build public facilities around the waste incineration plant, provide preferential electricity prices, and solve the “neighbor avoidance” effect”.

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The main problems faced by solid waste disposal

1. More attention is paid to end disposal of recycling, and less attention is paid to the whole-process governance of the whole industry

Regardless of policy, technology, or market-oriented solid waste disposal in China, there are many processes focused on disposal, and there are few issues based on overall industry considerations.
From a policy perspective, the state provides fund subsidies for enterprises dismantling waste electronic and electrical appliances, but the fund revenue and expenditure are not balanced, the policy effect is to be evaluated, and the scope of implementation needs to be expanded.
From a practical point of view, taking the construction of a waste-free city as an example, various places have launched waste incineration and landfill plants in order to break the “garbage siege”, but the progress of the “two networks” of renewable resource recycling network and garbage classification and sanitation network has been slow, and urban construction only focuses on city appearance “Face” is beautiful, but the land planning for garbage sorting and storage related to urban “detoxification and beauty” is constantly shrinking.
On the whole, there is more “verbal attention” to source reduction, cleaner production and circular economy, and less “practical actions”, and most of them still focus on end-point pollution control.

2. A single environmental element pays more attention to it, and a water-based solid waste multi-element system pays less attention

From the perspective of environmental factors, the prevention and control of solid waste pollution involves multiple factors such as air, water, soil, and solid waste, which are interrelated and indivisible. In the past, there were usually many concerns about a single element, which led to the prevention and control of solid waste pollution “a symptom but not a root cause.”

Take the protection and restoration of the Yangtze River as an example. Pollution problems are complex and intertwined. Water pollution is manifested in the water, but the roots are “on the shore and in the water.” The heavy chemical industry in the Yangtze River Basin is intensive. According to the statistics of relevant departments of the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, a total of 16,000 chemical industry projects have been added to the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2007 to 2017, of which 1/4 are located within 5 kilometers of the coastline. There are 62 chemical parks along the Yangtze River, and more than 250 types of hazardous chemicals are produced and transported. Solid waste and hazardous waste have not been effectively disposed of. In some areas, smelting residues and domestic garbage are piled up in the open air, and anti-seepage treatment is not in place. The safety risk of tailings ponds is high, which seriously threatens the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.

3. More attention is paid to normalized pollution prevention, but less attention is paid to emergency response and long-term collaborative management

From the perspective of normalized management, various localities have comprehensively considered factors such as the size of the local population and the number of medical institutions, the daily amount of medical waste generated and the treatment cost, etc., and have built centralized medical waste treatment facilities that basically meet the normalized management of the region. However, from the perspective of emergency management, the sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic has exposed China’s serious shortage of medical waste emergency disposal capabilities, the coordination of medical waste and hazardous waste, the coordination of fixed facilities and mobile equipment, and the poor co-processing of solid waste in adjacent areas.

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The new situation facing China’s solid waste pollution prevention and control

Solid waste involves many industries and fields, covering industrial solid waste, agricultural and forestry waste, domestic waste, renewable resources, construction waste, hazardous waste, etc. China is a large solid waste producer in the world. The historical stockpile of solid waste has exceeded 60 billion tons, and the amount is increasing by about 10 billion tons per year.

Especially with the blowout development of online shopping and e-commerce, a large number of disposable packaging materials such as plastics, papers, and fillers have increased sharply, which has brought tremendous pressure to the urban and rural environment.
Solid waste pollution has become a hot spot and focus of public concern, social concern, and government attention.

Compared with foreign countries, the level of solid waste utilization in China is still not high. In many cities, “garbage siege”, “white pollution”, solid waste “going up to the mountains and going to the countryside”, and illegal transfer and disposal of solid waste are still prominent. The end treatment model of “feet pain, medical treatment of the foot” urgently needs to identify the problem, grasp the crux, and research and propose a comprehensive solution.

At present, in the context of the national policy of “two prohibitions and one point to promote’no waste'”, that is, prohibiting foreign waste from entering, banning disposable plastics, promoting garbage classification and building a “waste-free city”, the prevention and control of solid waste pollution is facing new challenges. specialty:

One is the shift from importing solid waste and domestic recycling to focusing on domestic comprehensive utilization. The reform of the national solid waste import management system will accelerate the transformation of the comprehensive utilization of domestic resources.

The second is the transition from pollution end treatment to a full-process modern governance system, and the full-process governance model for source prevention and control, clean production and recycling will continue to be strengthened.

The third is the shift from simple recycling of a single industry to the coupled development of related industries, and the trend of collaborative development among enterprises, industries, and the whole society is becoming more and more obvious; the fourth is the transformation from traditional disposal models to new business models, such as Internet + recycling, green packaging, Wisdom and environmental protection.

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How to make garbage sorting easier

Garbage classification is the development trend of garbage disposal. How to make garbage classification easier, more convenient and executable? This article will answer some of your doubts about garbage classification.

1. When throwing out kitchen waste, should you throw the bag in with the garbage, or just throw it away after puncturing the bag?

Regarding the question of whether to break the bag of food waste, the debate is fierce. For example, in Shanghai and Beijing, broken bags are required. Broken bags will help managers find out whether garbage is classified, especially whether kitchen waste is adequately classified. If the bag is required to be broken, the food waste bin must be contaminated. In summer, kitchen waste bins may need to be cleaned every two days or three days because of the smell, which is unacceptable especially for residents around the garbage. In addition, cleaning the water source of the trash can will cause the pollution load of the sewer. If the residents don’t break the bags and put the kitchen waste directly into the trash can, then they will go to the kitchen waste treatment plant for uniform broken bags after collection, which is conducive to the collection of plastic waste.

2. The price of degradable garbage bags is higher than that of ordinary garbage bags. Is it necessary to buy them?

Biodegradable plastic bags are the future development trend. The current price is relatively high, but in the future, the output will increase and the price will naturally drop. The degradable plastic bag does not mean that it can be degraded under any conditions. Its degradation is subject to specific conditions. So now there is a management difficulty, that is, if the degradable plastic bags and the plastic bags we generally use are mixed together, they will all enter the waste incineration power plant. It is difficult for the degradable plastic bags to function.

3. Are there any pros and cons of installing a kitchen waste disposer at home? Is every household suitable for installation?

Families install food waste disposers, and some newly-built urban communities have conducted trials. The pros and cons are different. Because kitchen waste has a particularly high oil content, one problem with high oil content is that it is easy to block the sewers. This is inconvenient for existing families, especially existing communities, and major renovations must be carried out to expand the pipeline. The composition of food waste in China is different from that in western countries. Food waste disposers are more common in Western countries because their diet contains less oil. In China, cooking is the main ingredient, so food waste has a higher oil content and has recycling value.　　 Our more appropriate method now is to sort at the source at home and let all kinds of garbage enter the system where it should go. Finally, it is conducive to the use of some resources of kitchen waste, including oil resources, including the resources it turns into fertilizer, which is in line with China’s national conditions.

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Preventive measures for ring formation in rotary kiln

When hazardous waste is incinerated in a rotary kiln incinerator, if the operation is improper in actual operation, it is easy to cause the problem of ring formation in the kiln. When the ring formation is serious, it will cause the gravity load in the kiln to increase, the material will not run smoothly, it will cause the refractory material to be cracked and damaged, and the incineration system is forced to stop. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent from the source of operation.

1. Choose the appropriate operating mode
According to the conditions of material ash content and calorific value, carry out material compatibility and select the appropriate operation mode, so that the rotary kiln can work in dry slag or molten slag mode as much as possible, and try to avoid the material running in a semi-melted state;

2. Change the feeding method and stabilize the air distribution
According to the characteristics of the materials, do a good job of classification and compatibility of materials, try to use continuous feeding equipment such as spiral or SMP (crushing-mixing-pumping system) to feed solid waste, and strengthen the air distribution of the rotary kiln to make the rotary kiln more efficient. The operating temperature is in a relatively stable state;

3. Strengthen the compatibility of waste
Try to control the amount of materials with high alkali metal content or other low melting point ash waste into the furnace. If it is necessary to deal with high-alkali metal wastes, some CaO can be appropriately matched, or clays containing high SiO2 or Al2O3 can be compatible. At the same time, according to the calorific value of the waste, a reasonable compatibility is made to ensure the stability of the calorific value of the waste.

The safe and stable operation of the incineration system is the basis for the safe incineration and disposal of hazardous wastes, and the internal ringing of the rotary kiln is one of the important factors affecting the stable operation of the device. Due to the wide variety of domestic hazardous wastes, some wastes do not have relevant industrial analysis and element analysis data, so there may still be looping in actual operation. If the looping is serious, it may also cause the lining to fall off and collapse, so it takes at least 2 weeks to stop and clean. Therefore, if the loop is cleaned online under the premise of ensuring safety, it has more practical significance. According to the author’s experience, the following two methods are recommended for cleaning:

1. Self-melting measures
According to the ash melting point data of hazardous waste rotary kiln slag, the melting point of molten slag is only about 100°C higher than the stable operating temperature of the rotary kiln. According to the design parameters, the refractory temperature of the lining material of the general rotary kiln is 1,350℃. Therefore, it can be considered that during the operation of the rotary kiln, by adjusting the combustion conditions, the operating temperature of the rotary kiln can be appropriately increased to about 1,200℃, so as not to harm the rotary kiln. Under the premise of the lining material, the inner ring of the rotary kiln is melted. Taking the molten state of operation mode can effectively solve the problem of ring formation inside the rotary kiln. This method of clearing loops has been verified in many domestic hazardous waste disposal centers;

2. High pressure water gun
The high-pressure water gun injects a 30-50MPa high-pressure water column into the crust material with a temperature of 850℃-1,050℃. In the high-temperature material, the water suddenly vaporizes and expands, causing the crust to burst, and the hit material is shaken and collapsed. , The local temperature of the adjacent part of the material drops rapidly and becomes brittle and hard. The penetration depth of the high-pressure water jet is related to the thickness of the crust, and the purpose is to make the crust material burst and collapse, while the refractory material is not affected. The angle at which the water jet enters should only make the material soft and not overwhelmed by a large area, otherwise it may cause injury to equipment or personnel. This method requires high operating angle and space, and is suitable for cleaning the loops at the tail of the rotary kiln. However, if the operation is improper, it may also damage the lining of the rotary kiln.

In summary:
1. The operating temperature of the rotary kiln has a great influence on the ring formation of the rotary kiln. Therefore, it is recommended that the rotary kiln be operated in dry slag mode or molten slag mode, and it is not recommended to operate in a semi-molten slag state;
2. The feeding method and air distribution also have a great influence on the operation stability. The continuous feeding method is better than the traditional intermittent feeding. At the same time, optimize the air distribution control program, which is more conducive to the stability of operation and reduces the formation of loops;
3. The composition of ash and slag (especially the content of low melting point salt) also has a certain influence on the ring formation and ring formation temperature, and it needs to go through strict compatibility to minimize the amount or proportion of low melting point salt into the furnace;
4. If loops are produced in actual production, they can be cleaned by self-melting or high-pressure water gun.

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Analysis of the causes of ring formation in the rotary kiln incinerator

Due to the stricter domestic environmental protection requirements and the higher and higher disposal costs, the waste sent to the hazardous waste disposal center is generally concentrated as much as possible, resulting in the higher calorific value of such waste, especially solid waste and distillation residue. In most cases, it is between 3,000~5,000Kcal/kg. In order to maintain a better combustion effect, the rotary kiln is generally operated between 950 and 1,150°C, and the melting point of hazardous waste ash is generally between 1,000 and 1,200 (close to or slightly higher than the maximum combustion temperature). In addition, the materials fed into the rotary kiln are generally more complicated, the heating value fluctuates greatly, the material feed is uneven, and the material stays in the kiln for a long time (usually 60~90 minutes), it is difficult to adjust the combustion in time Therefore, the temperature in the kiln generally fluctuates to a certain extent, and it is inevitable that the local temperature in the kiln will be too high to cause the ash and slag to melt, and then adhere to the inner wall of the rotary kiln. With the rotation of the rotary kiln and due to the gradient distribution of the temperature of the lining, part of the molten ash may solidify on the lining material to form a new kiln skin. As the kiln rotates, part of the ash and slag may be melted again and reach a certain balance, so that the kiln skin will not thicken. However, if the balance is not reached and there is less ash falling, the kiln skin will gradually thicken, and a ring will be formed after reaching a certain level, as shown in the following figure:

The main reasons for the formation of loops are as follows:

1. Operation mode of rotary kiln
Depending on the operating temperature, the rotary kiln has two operating modes: dry slag mode and molten slag mode. The dry slag operation mode is the most common in hazardous waste incineration, and it has been proved to be the most reliable operation mode. It is generally considered that the dry slag mode is below 925℃. Normal compatibility can ensure that the ash does not melt. The possibility of circle is relatively small. The other mode is the slag mode. The rotary kiln will run at a higher temperature to melt the ash formed after incineration into a liquid state. The operating temperature of the conventional slag mode is greater than 1,200°C. This mode is because the ash is in a molten state. , It is generally more difficult to make a loop. If the operating temperature is between 950~1,200℃, its operation is just between the dry slag and molten slag operation modes, which can be called semi-molten operation mode. It is easier to produce partial melting but not completely melting. , And then with temperature changes and fluctuations, part of the molten slag is solidified on the lining of the rotary kiln, and at the same time, some high melting point ash is wrapped, and the kiln skin gradually thickens, which causes ring formation.

2. Stability of feed and air distribution of rotary kiln
Hazardous waste includes liquid, solid and semi-solid, especially the solid waste composition and form are more complex. Generally, the dominant solid waste feed of rotary kiln is mainly intermittent feed such as grab + pusher or chute. Some rotary kilns also intermittently treat some special low-flash-point barreled waste liquid directly into the furnace. Because intermittent feeding will cause large fluctuations in material incineration, and will affect the stability of the air distribution, resulting in large fluctuations in the temperature of the rotary kiln, this has also become one of the important reasons for ring formation in the rotary kiln.

3. Chemical composition and melting point of ash
The main components of the ash at the bottom of the rotary kiln are some inorganic oxides, such as SiO2, Al2O3, FeOx and CaO. In addition, due to the high salt content of some hazardous waste, it also generally contains a certain amount of low melting point alkali metal salts such as Na/K salt. If the content of alkali metal components is relatively high, due to its low melting point, if the waste into the furnace contains high salt content, it is easy to concentrate in the kiln, resulting in ring formation in the kiln. According to experimental research results in the literature, when the contents of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO are increased respectively, the ash melting point temperature rises to varying degrees, so the composition of the bottom slag has a greater impact on the ash softening temperature. According to on-site operating experience, in this case, even when the rotary kiln is operating at a lower temperature (for example, 850~950℃), more melts can be found in the kiln.
In summary, when hazardous waste is incinerated in a rotary kiln incinerator, if the operation is improper in actual operation, it is easy to cause the problem of ring formation in the kiln. When the ring formation is severe, the gravity load in the kiln will increase, the material will not run smoothly, and the refractory materials will be broken and damaged, and the incineration system will be forced to shut down.

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Discrimination of four typical sludge

Is the sludge hazardous waste? Many people have such doubts. Below we introduce the identification of four typical sludges for your reference.

(1) Electroplating wastewater and electroplating sludge with excessive heavy metals
Electroplating sludge is classified as hazardous waste, and the waste categories often belong to HW17, HW21, HW22, and HW23 at the same time. Electroplating wastewater with excessive heavy metals falls within the scope of wastewater pollution prevention and control and is included in wastewater management. It does not apply to the scope of the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes” and is not classified as hazardous waste. Although the waste water exceeding the standard is not included in the management of hazardous waste, according to the “Two Highs Judicial Interpretation” (2016 edition), if the first type of heavy metal (such as lead, mercury, chromium, cadmium, arsenic) in the waste water exceeds the standard three times, or the second type of heavy metal (such as nickel) , Copper, zinc manganese, vanadium) exceeding the standard by more than 10 times, in addition to administrative penalties, will still be held criminally responsible.

(2) Sludge produced by domestic sewage treatment plant
It is solid waste, not hazardous waste. According to Document No. [2010] No. 157 of the Environmental Protection Office, in the process of transfer management of this type of waste, “refer to hazardous waste management and establish a sludge transfer order system.” Reference to hazardous waste management means that this type of sludge does not belong to Hazardous waste, but the management level should be improved, especially the ledger management should be strengthened to prevent dripping and illegal dumping during transportation. However, most of the sludge produced in the sewage treatment process of industrial enterprises should be classified as hazardous waste because of excessive leaching toxicity, or containing other toxic and hazardous substances and other hazardous characteristics. (The judgment method is mainly based on the enterprise environmental assessment, industry rules, and material Source, expert identification, attribute identification, etc.).

(3) Fly ash from incineration of domestic waste
Belongs to hazardous waste HW18. However, after meeting the requirements of Article 6.3 of the “Pollution Control Standards for Domestic Waste Landfill Sites” (GB16889-2008), landfills in domestic waste landfills will not be included in hazardous waste management; another situation is that after pretreatment, If the relevant requirements of the “Cement Kiln Co-processing Solid Waste Pollution Control Standard” (GB30485-2013) are met, the co-processing process is also included in the scope of exemption management.

(4) Sludge produced in the sewage treatment process of medical institutions
Most are hazardous waste. The Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste (Order No. 380 of the State Council) stipulates that “medical waste refers to the direct or indirect infectious, toxic, and other hazardous materials produced by medical and health institutions in medical treatment, prevention, health care, and other related activities. “Waste.” According to the “National Directory of Hazardous Wastes”, “Medical wastes are hazardous wastes. The classification of medical wastes is carried out in accordance with the “Medical Waste Classification Catalog.”” “Infectious waste” lists “other items contaminated by patient’s blood, body fluids, and excreta”. Screen slag, sedimentation sludge, and septic tank sludge produced in the sewage treatment process of medical institutions should be included in this category.
If a medical institution has specially designed the wastewater treatment process during the environmental assessment and has determined the attributes of the sludge, if the management department believes that this type of sludge should be included in the management of hazardous waste, it should be finalized through the hazardous waste identification process Discriminate.

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