Collection of Municipal Solid Waste

At present, there are two main ways of collecting municipal solid waste: mixed collection and classified collection. Whether it is mixed collection or classified collection, it should be realized by different collection methods.

According to the packaging mode, the collection methods of domestic waste can be divided into bulk collection and closed collection. Due to the serious pollution problems such as scattering, leaking and dust, the collection methods of bulk are gradually eliminated and replaced by closed collection, in which bag collection is the most common.

Domestic waste collection methods can be divided into door-to-door collection, fixed-point collection and regular collection according to the collection process.
1. Door-to-door collection
Door-to-door collection can be divided into two types: home-to-door collection and pipeline collection.
Home-to-door collection
Cleaner’s clothes entrusted by the property company’s sanitation professional team or street sanitation team, or by the sanitation department
The cleaning staff of the service company collects the domestic waste from street residents, unit residents and stores along the street regularly, and then transports it to nearby garbage houses, which are transported by the professional team of environmental sanitation.
Pipeline collection
Pipeline Collection refers to the collection of domestic waste by waste discharge pipes used in multi-storey or high-rise buildings. Pipeline collection can be divided into two types:
1) pneumatic suction pipeline collection
Pneumatic suction pipeline collection is a kind of closed garbage collection based on vacuum turbine and garbage pipeline.
Garbage collection system, the main components of the system include dumping waste pipeline, waste input hole channel valve, garbage transportation pipeline, machinery center and garbage station.
2) General Pipeline Collection
Most of the multi-storey or high-rise buildings in our country used this method. Residents dumped the domestic waste from the entrance of the corridor.
After that, it is concentrated in the storage room at the bottom of the garbage duct, and then loaded and transported outside.

2. Fixed-point collection
Fixed collection includes garbage house collection, container garbage collection station collection, fixed garbage bin collection and small pressure station collection.
There are many ways.
(1) Garbage collection
After bagging, the household garbage is directly put into the garbage bin in the garbage bin room by the residents, and then transported by the garbage collection truck to the garbage transfer station or garbage disposal site.
Garbage bin collection is a kind of bagged, sealed and unscheduled collection method. This kind of collection method requires residents to pack garbage bags and send them directly to the garbage bin house, which is suitable for the situation where the garbage bin house is located near the residents’access channel outside the residential building.
The garbage in the garbage bin in the garbage bin room is collected mainly by the Back-loaded compression collection truck and the self-loading and self-unloading (side-loading) garbage collection truck. The rear part of the Back-loaded compression collection truck is equipped with lifting garbage bin mechanism, and the garbage in the bin is dumped into the hopper of the collection truck. Side-mounted collector, equipped with gantry lifting mechanism or manipulator, can automatically lift the garbage bin and pour it into the carriage.
(2) Collection of Container Garbage Collection Station
After bagging, the household garbage is sent by residents to designated places or containers placed downstairs or on both sides of the entry and exit passages. The garbage is sent to the container garbage collection station by rickshaw by the cleaning personnel, and then loaded into the container, and then transported by the garbage collection vehicle to the garbage transfer station or garbage disposal site.
Container garbage collection station is a kind of collection system which is packaged, sealed, containerized and unscheduled. The advantage of this collection system is that it is convenient for residents to throw garbage, and it is suitable for the use of containers to collect and transport domestic garbage. When garbage is loaded into containers and compressors are applied, the garbage loading capacity in containers can be increased and the economy of garbage transportation can be improved.
The garbage containers disposed in the garbage collection station and directly placed in residential areas are collected by the unloadable garbage truck in the carriage. The hook of the garbage truck can directly pull the container onto the frame and lock it.
(3) Fixed dustbin collection
This is a non-sealed garbage collection method, which is characterized by fixed cement bins and regular garbage collection. After bagging, the household garbage is sent to the cement garbage bin by the residents, and the garbage in the bin is cleared and transported by the garbage truck to the garbage disposal site or the garbage transfer station within a specified time.
Early built cement bins are usually rootless simple bins. When the wind blows, light materials such as plastics and waste paper are scattered everywhere. When it rains, the garbage is soaked by rainwater and leachate overflows. The management of simple bins is difficult, which affects the environmental sanitation around. The high moisture content of garbage in rainy season brings about the transportation and treatment of garbage. Difficulties.
(4) Small Compressed Domestic Waste Collection Station
In recent years, some small compressed MSW collection stations have been built in some residential areas or commercial outlets in some big cities. Compressors are installed in the compressed collection station, and the garbage collected from the residential area is loaded into the container by the compressor, and then the container is pulled away directly by the dischargeable garbage truck in the carriage. Its greatest advantage is that it can increase the loading capacity of containers and reduce the number of garbage collection points.

3. Timely collection
This is a way of garbage collection with the basic characteristics of regular garbage collection. After bagging, the garbage is sent to the garbage bin downstairs by residents, or collected by cleaning personnel at the designated time (placed in the garbage bin), sent to the garbage collection station (or clean station, clean building), and then regularly collected by garbage collection trucks and transported to the garbage disposal site or garbage transfer station.
This way mainly exists in the early built residential areas. Its characteristic is to cancel the fixed garbage bin and eliminate the secondary pollution in the process of garbage collection to a certain extent. But garbage must be collected and loaded into the garbage collection truck at a specified time. In the actual operation process, garbage queuing waiting for loading often occurs.

The waste pyrolysis gasification retort furnace developed by Luoyang Building Materials Architectural Design and Research Institute can be directly treated from the source of waste, saving transportation costs and not occupying a large amount of land.

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The Composition and Significance of Project Feasibility Report

The project feasibility report mainly investigates, studies and compares the main contents and supporting conditions of the project, such as market demand, resource supply, construction scale, process route, equipment selection, environmental impact, fund raising, profitability, etc., from the aspects of technology, economy and engineering, and makes a comparison of the possible financial, economic and social benefits after the completion of the project. It provides a comprehensive analysis method for project decision-making by predicting whether the project is worth investing and advising on how to carry out construction. Feasibility study has the characteristics of predictability, impartiality, reliability and scientificity.

The project feasibility report is a kind of written material put forward in the early stage of formulating production, capital construction and scientific research plans, through comprehensive investigation and research, analyzing and demonstrating the feasibility of a construction or transformation project, a scientific research and a commercial activity. Mainly used to elaborate the feasibility and necessity of the project at all levels. It plays a very important role in project approval, obtaining financial support, clarifying the project direction, and planning anti-risk strategies.

The feasibility report of a project is a written report written before the formulation of a construction or scientific research project, which carries out specific, in-depth, detailed technical demonstration and economic evaluation of the possibility, effectiveness, technical scheme and technical policy of the project implementation, in order to determine a technically reasonable and economically cost-effective optimal plan and the best opportunity.

The main content of the project feasibility report is to use comprehensive and systematic analysis as the main method, economic benefit as the core, around the various factors affecting the project, using a large number of data to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed project. A comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the whole feasibility study is put forward, and the advantages and disadvantages and suggestions are pointed out. In order to meet the need of conclusion, it is often necessary to add some accessories, such as test data, demonstration materials, calculation charts, drawings and so on, in order to enhance the persuasion of the feasibility study report.

On this basis, it demonstrates the necessity of project construction, financial profitability, economic rationality, technological advancement and adaptability, and the possibility and feasibility of construction conditions, so as to provide a scientific basis for investment decision-making.

Most of the feasibility studies belong to the scope of Engineering consultation. At present, the qualifications of domestic engineering consultation from high to low are Grade A, Grade B and Grade C respectively.

Feasibility study is of great significance to the whole project construction process and even to the whole national economy. In order to ensure the scientificity, objectivity and impartiality of feasibility study, and effectively prevent errors and omissions, in feasibility study,

I. First of all, we must conduct investigation and research from an objective and impartial standpoint and do a good job in collecting basic data. For the basic data collected, it is necessary to demonstrate and evaluate according to the objective reality, to reflect the objective economic law truthfully, and to draw a conclusion whether the project is feasible through scientific analysis based on objective data.

II. The depth of the content of the feasibility study report must meet the standards stipulated by the state, and the basic content should be complete. It should possess as much data as possible, avoid rough fabrication and practise formalism.

In practice, we should grasp the following four points:

(1) Argumentation, then decision-making;

(2) Deal with the relationship among the three stages of project proposal, feasibility study and evaluation, and stop the research when it finds that it is not feasible.

(3) We should carry out the investigation and research all the time. We must grasp the practical and reliable data to ensure the comprehensiveness, importance, objectivity and continuity of data selection.

(4) Comparing various schemes, selecting the best one. For foreign-related projects, or projects that must be in line with foreign countries under the pressure of external factors such as WTO accession, the content and depth of feasibility study should also be in line with international standards as far as possible.

III. In order to ensure the quality of the feasibility study, the consulting and designing units should have enough work cycle to prevent irresponsible and hasty actions for various reasons.

At the same time, the technical scheme is an important part of feasibility study. The main research projects should adopt the production method, technology and process flow, important equipment and its corresponding general layout, the main workshop composition and building type and other technical solutions. On this basis, the civil engineering quantity and other engineering quantity are estimated. In this part, in addition to the text description, some important data and indicators should be listed and illustrated, and the general layout and process diagram should be drawn.

Luoyang Building Material and Architectural Design and Research Institute is a professional building material and building double-grade design research institute. It has more than 20 years’experience in mineral material research. According to the needs of customers, our institute can provide a series of services such as feasibility study report, design, general package, production improvement, intelligent transformation, etc. It can provide customers with solutions tailored to local conditions, scientific and reasonable production line technology. It can not only meet the output requirement of process design, but also save resources, save energy and protect environment. It can also greatly reduce the failure rate of equipment, reduce the loss of equipment and the replacement frequency of spare parts, and realize the continuous growth of economic benefits.

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